Neurology is a jungle, and for the unwary, a minefield. It perhaps has the most diverse number of complex diseases of all the medical specialties. Patients are often bewildered by neurological processes and procedures, ranging from the probing questions to the bizarre examinationritual.
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Lancet Neurol. 2013 Feb;12(2):157-65. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70310-1. Epub 2013 Jan 3.Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural…
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Semin Neurol. 2018 Jun;38(3):330-343. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1660821. Epub 2018 Jul 16.
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Syndrome and outcome of antibody‐negative limbic encephalitis – Graus – 2018 – European Journal of Neurology – Wiley Online Library From…
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COMMENT|ONLINE FIRST Autoimmune encephalitis after herpes simplex encephalitis: insights into pathogenesis Jeffrey M Gelfand Published:July 23, 2018DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30279-5 There have been substantial advances in the recognition and treatment of autoimmune causes of encephalitis, particularly encephalitis associated with antibodies to neuronal cell-surface and synaptic antigens. 1 NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an archetypical autoimmune encephalitis syndrome characterised by variable combinations of neuropsychiatric and behavioural changes, seizures, movement disorders, amnesia, aphasia, and autonomic dysfunction. 2 IgG antibodies to the NR1 subunit of the NMDAR contribute to pathogenesis and affect neuronal function. 3 A subset of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis have an ovarian teratoma, and pathogenesis in these cases is thought to be paraneoplastic. In patients without tumours, the pathogenesis is generally assumed to be autoimmune. To read this article in full you will need to make a payment Purchase one-time access Or purchase The Lancet Choice Access any 5 articles from the Lancet Family of journals Subscribe to The Lancet Neurology Already a print subscriber? Claim online access Already an online subscriber? Sign in Register: Create an account Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect References Graus, FTitulaer, MJBalu, R et al. A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Lancet Neurol. 2016; 15: 391-404 View in Article Scopus (330) PubMed Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Google Scholar Titulaer, MJMcCracken, LGabilondo, I et al. Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: an observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2013; 12: 157-165 View in Article Scopus (820) PubMed Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Google Scholar Planaguma, JLeypoldt, FMannara, F et al. Human N-methyl D-aspartate receptor antibodies alter memory and behaviour in mice. Brain. 2015; 138: 94-109 View in Article Scopus (126) PubMed Crossref Google Scholar George, BPSchneider, EBVenkatesan, A. Encephalitis hospitalization rates and inpatient mortality in the United States, 2000–2010. PloS One. 2014; 9: e104169 View in Article Scopus (38) PubMed Crossref Google Scholar Skoldenberg, BAurelius, EHjalmarsson, A et al. Incidence and pathogenesis of clinical relapse after herpes simplex encephalitis in adults. J Neurol. 2006; 253: 163-170 View in Article Scopus (91) PubMed Crossref Google Scholar Hacohen, YDeiva, KPettingill, P et al. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies in post-herpes simplex virus encephalitis neurological relapse. Mov Disord. 2014; 29: 90-96 View in Article Scopus (109) PubMed Crossref Google Scholar Nosadini, MMohammad, SSCorazza, F et al. Herpes simplex virus-induced anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a systematic literature review with analysis of 43 cases. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017; 59: 796-805 View in Article Scopus (13) PubMed Crossref Google Scholar Armangue, TSpatola, MVlagea, A et al. Frequency, symptoms, risk factors, and outcomes of autoimmune encephalitis after herpes simplex encephalitis: a prospective observational study and retrospective analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2018; (published online July 23) (published online July 23) Schabitz, WRRogalewski, AHagemeister, CBien, CG VZV brainstem encephalitis triggers NMDA receptor immunoreaction. Neurology. 2014; 83: 2309-2311 View in Article Scopus (35) PubMed Crossref Google Scholar Lim, HKSeppanen, MHautala, T et al. TLR3 deficiency in herpes simplex encephalitis: high allelic heterogeneity and recurrence risk. Neurology. 2014; 83: 1888-1897 View in Article Scopus (31) PubMed Crossref Google Scholar Article Info Publication History Published: July 23, 2018 IDENTIFICATION DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30279-5 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ScienceDirect Access this article on ScienceDirect
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This new one-day masterclass on Neurology provides the acute physician with confidence to correctly diagnose, investigate, and manage a wide spectrum of common neurological problems.
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Acute encephalitis is a rapidly progressive encephalopathy due to brain inflammation. Historically, the most frequently identified causes of acute encephalitis have been infectious, though recently…
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The results of our prospective study show that autoimmune encephalitis occurred in
27% of patients with herpes simplex encephalitis. It was associated with development of neuronal antibodies and usually presented within 2 months after treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis; the symptoms were…
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Seizure. 2018 Jun 28;60:198-204. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.06.021.[Epub ahead of print]…
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