The first ever World Encephalitis Conference organized by six encephalitis charitable organizations was held in Dallas, Texas from 21 to 23 February 2020, ended today. …Read More…
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Starting February 29, 2020, Elsevier will make clinical review articles and book chapters openly accessible for 60 days to raise awareness of rare diseases…
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In recent years, there have been many developments in the field of autoimmune encephalitis. Autoimmune encephalitis is often treatable, and fast recognition and treatment are essential to prevent irreversible damage.
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The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is the most common form of autoimmune encephalitis.Antibodies against the GluN1 subunit of the NMDAR showed in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons and in a mouse model pathogenic effects including cross-linking and internalization of …
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What is Anti-NMDAR encephalitis?From youtu.be – Today, 3:29 PM…
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Twenty two highlights from World Encephalitis Day 2020 on Saturday, 22nd February…
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JOURNAL ARTICLE Pediatric autoimmune encephalitis: Recognition and diagnosis Marienke A A M de Bruijn, Arlette L Bruijstens, Anna E M Bastiaansen, Agnes van Sonderen, Marco W J Schreurs, Peter A E Sillevis Smitt, Rogier Q Hintzen, Rinze F Neuteboom, Maarten J Titulaer Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation 2020, 7 (3) OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were (1) to describe the incidence of autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in children, (2) to validate the currently used clinical criteria to diagnose AIE, and (3) to describe pitfalls in the diagnosis of pediatric autoimmune (AI) and inflammatory neurologic disorders. METHODS: This study cohort consists of 3 patient categories: (1) children with antibody-mediated AIE (n = 21), (2) children with ADEM (n = 32), and (3) children with suspicion of an AI etiology of their neurologic symptoms (n = 60). Baseline and follow-up clinical data were used to validate the current guideline to diagnose AIE. In addition, patient files and final diagnoses were reviewed. RESULTS: One-hundred three of the 113 included patients fulfilled the criteria of possible AIE. Twenty-one children had antibody-mediated AIE, of whom 19 had anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), 1 had anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor, and 1 had anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 encephalitis. Finally, 34 children had ADEM, and 2 children had Hashimoto encephalopathy. Mean incidence rates were 1.54 children/million (95% CI 0.95-2.35) for antibody-mediated AIE and 2.49 children/million (95% CI 1.73-3.48) for ADEM. Of the other 48 children, treating physicians’ diagnoses were reviewed. In 22% (n = 6) of children initially diagnosed as having an AI/inflammatory etiology (n = 27), no support for AI/inflammation was found. CONCLUSION: Besides anti-NMDAR encephalitis and ADEM, other AIEs are rare in children. The current guideline to diagnose AIE is also useful in children. However, in children with nonspecific symptoms, it is important to review data critically, to perform complete workup, and to consult specialized neuroinflammatory centers. Read this article (multiple options) Discussion You are not logged in. Sign Up or Log In to join the discussion. Related Papers Pediatric autoimmune encephalitis in Denmark during 2011-17: A nationwide multicenter population-based cohort study. Magnus Spangsberg Boesen, Alfred Peter Born, Magnus Christian Lydolph, Morten Blaabjerg, Malene Landbo Børresen European Journal of Paediatric Neurology: EJPN 2019, 23 (4): 639-652 Utility of CSF Cytokine/Chemokines as Markers of Active Intrathecal Inflammation: Comparison of Demyelinating, Anti-NMDAR and Enteroviral Encephalitis. Kavitha Kothur, Louise Wienholt, Shekeeb S Mohammad, Esther M Tantsis, Sekhar Pillai, Philip N Britton, Cheryl A Jones, Rajeshwar R Angiti, Elizabeth H Barnes, Timothy Schlub, Sushil Bandodkar, Fabienne Brilot, Russell C Dale PloS One 2016, 11 (8): e0161656 The intrathecal, polyspecific antiviral immune response in neurosarcoidosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and autoimmune encephalitis compared to multiple sclerosis in a tertiary hospital cohort. Tilman Hottenrott, Rick Dersch, Benjamin Berger, Sebastian Rauer, Matthias Eckenweiler, Daniela Huzly, Oliver Stich Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2015, 12: 27 A rare concurrence: Antibodies against Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in a child. Esra Sarigecili, Meltem Direk Cobanogullari, Mustafa Komur, Cetin Okuyaz Multiple Sclerosis and related Disorders 2019, 28: 101-103 Autoimmune epilepsy in children: case series and proposed guidelines for identification. Jehan Suleiman, Fabienne Brilot, Bethan Lang, Angela Vincent, Russell C Dale Epilepsia 2013, 54 (6): 1036-45 Implications of the International Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group consensus criteria for paediatric acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: a nationwide validation study. Magnus S Boesen, Morten Blinkenberg, Nils Koch-Henriksen, Lau C Thygesen, Peter V Uldall, Melinda Magyari, Alfred P Born Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2018, 60 (11): 1123-1131 Long-term poor rapport, lack of spontaneity and passive social withdrawal related to acute post-infectious encephalitis: a case report. Atsurou Yamada, Nobuhiro Miyachi, Toshiyasu Miura, Masako Suzuki, Norio Watanabe, Tatsuo Akechi SpringerPlus 2016, 5: 345 Clinical presentation of anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and anti-voltage-gated potassium channel complex antibodies in children: A series of 24 cases. Bahadir Konuskan, Mirac Yildirim, Haluk Topaloglu, Ilknur Erol, Ulkuhan Oztoprak, Huseyin Tan, Rahsan Gocmen, Banu Anlar European Journal of Paediatric Neurology: EJPN 2018, 22 (1): 135-142 Prevalence of serum anti-neuronal autoantibodies in patients admitted to acute psychiatric care. M Schou, S G Sæther, K Borowski, B Teegen, D Kondziella, W Stoecker, A Vaaler, S K Reitan Psychological Medicine 2016, 46 (16): 3303-3313 Cerebrospinal Fluid Findings in Patients With Autoimmune Encephalitis-A Systematic Analysis. Tetyana Blinder, Jan Lewerenz Frontiers in Neurology 2019, 10: 804
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To determine the transfer of rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody widely used for neurologic conditions, into mature breast milk.Breast milk samples were collected from 9 women with MS who received rituximab 500 or 1,000 mg intravenous once or …
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Preclinical research shows a pivotal role for cellular metabolism to regulate the fate decision of naïve CD4 T cells as they differentiate into either destructive Th17 cells that mediate chronic inflammation or regulatory Treg T cells, a decision that occurs very early in the activation of CD4 T…
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